CI: Update Ubuntu runners to 24.04, but keep 22.04 for Linux builds

Pin clang-format to version 16, and black to 24.10.0.
Keep using Ubuntu 22.04 for Linux builds for portability.

.github/workflows/static_checks.yml

@@ -9,26 +9,20 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   static-checks:
     name: Static Checks (clang-format, black format, file format, documentation checks)
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: "ubuntu-24.04"
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
-      # Azure repositories are not reliable, we need to prevent Azure giving us packages.
-      - name: Make apt sources.list use the default Ubuntu repositories
-        run: |
-          sudo rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*
-          sudo cp -f misc/ci/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list
-          wget -O - https://apt.llvm.org/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
-          sudo apt-add-repository "deb http://apt.llvm.org/focal/ llvm-toolchain-focal-15 main"
-          sudo apt-get update
-
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
-          sudo apt-get install -qq dos2unix clang-format-15 libxml2-utils python3-pip moreutils
+          # Azure repositories are flaky, remove them.
+          sudo rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/{azure,microsoft}*
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -qq dos2unix libxml2-utils python3-pip moreutils
           sudo update-alternatives --remove-all clang-format || true
-          sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang-format clang-format /usr/bin/clang-format-15 100
-          sudo pip3 install black==22.3.0 pygments
+          sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang-format clang-format /usr/bin/clang-format-16 100
+          sudo pip3 install black==24.10.0 pygments
 
       # This needs to happen before Python and npm execution; it must happen before any extra files are written.
       - name: .gitignore checks (gitignore_check.sh)