CI: Update Ubuntu runners to 24.04, but keep 22.04 for Linux builds

Pin clang-format to version 16, and black to 24.10.0.
Keep using Ubuntu 22.04 for Linux builds for portability.

(cherry picked from commit fd9bd108af)

.github/workflows/android_builds.yml

@@ -14,24 +14,17 @@ concurrency:
 
 jobs:
   android-template:
-    runs-on: "ubuntu-20.04"
+    runs-on: "ubuntu-24.04"
     name: Template (target=release, tools=no)
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
-      # Azure repositories are not reliable, we need to prevent azure giving us packages.
-      - name: Make apt sources.list use the default Ubuntu repositories
-        run: |
-          sudo rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*
-          sudo cp -f misc/ci/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list
-          sudo apt-get update
-
-      - name: Set up Java 11
+      - name: Set up Java 17
         uses: actions/setup-java@v4
         with:
           distribution: temurin
-          java-version: 11
+          java-version: 17
 
       - name: Setup Godot build cache
         uses: ./.github/actions/godot-cache

.github/workflows/javascript_builds.yml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ concurrency:
 
 jobs:
   javascript-template:
-    runs-on: "ubuntu-20.04"
+    runs-on: "ubuntu-24.04"
     name: Template (target=release, tools=no)
 
     steps:

.github/workflows/linux_builds.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ concurrency:
 
 jobs:
   build-linux:
-    runs-on: "ubuntu-20.04"
+    # Stay one LTS before latest to increase portability of Linux artifacts.
+    runs-on: "ubuntu-22.04"
     name: ${{ matrix.name }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
@@ -54,9 +55,8 @@ jobs:
       - name: Linux dependencies
         shell: bash
         run: |
-          # Azure repositories are not reliable, we need to prevent azure giving us packages.
-          sudo rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*
-          sudo cp -f misc/ci/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list
+          # Azure repositories are flaky, remove them.
+          sudo rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/{azure,microsoft}*
           sudo apt-get update
           # The actual dependencies
           sudo apt-get install build-essential pkg-config libx11-dev libxcursor-dev \

.github/workflows/server_builds.yml

@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ concurrency:
 
 jobs:
   build-server:
-    runs-on: "ubuntu-20.04"
+    # Stay one LTS before latest to increase portability of Linux artifacts.
+    runs-on: "ubuntu-22.04"
     name: ${{ matrix.name }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
@@ -36,14 +37,13 @@ jobs:
       - name: Linux dependencies
         shell: bash
         run: |
-          # Azure repositories are not reliable, we need to prevent azure giving us packages.
-          sudo rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*
-          sudo cp -f misc/ci/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list
+          # Azure repositories are flaky, remove them.
+          sudo rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/{azure,microsoft}*
           sudo apt-get update
-          # The actual dependencies
-          sudo apt-get install build-essential pkg-config libx11-dev libxcursor-dev \
-              libxinerama-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libglu-dev libasound2-dev libpulse-dev \
-              libdbus-1-dev libudev-dev libxi-dev libxrandr-dev yasm xvfb wget unzip
+          # The actual dependencies.
+          sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends build-essential pkg-config libx11-dev \
+              libxcursor-dev libxinerama-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libglu-dev libasound2-dev \
+              libpulse-dev libdbus-1-dev libudev-dev libxi-dev libxrandr-dev yasm xvfb wget unzip
 
       - name: Setup Godot build cache
         uses: ./.github/actions/godot-cache

.github/workflows/static_checks.yml

@@ -9,26 +9,20 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   static-checks:
     name: Static Checks (clang-format, black format, file format, documentation checks)
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: "ubuntu-24.04"
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
-      # Azure repositories are not reliable, we need to prevent Azure giving us packages.
-      - name: Make apt sources.list use the default Ubuntu repositories
-        run: |
-          sudo rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*
-          sudo cp -f misc/ci/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list
-          wget -O - https://apt.llvm.org/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
-          sudo apt-add-repository "deb http://apt.llvm.org/focal/ llvm-toolchain-focal-15 main"
-          sudo apt-get update
-
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
-          sudo apt-get install -qq dos2unix clang-format-15 libxml2-utils python3-pip moreutils
+          # Azure repositories are flaky, remove them.
+          sudo rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/{azure,microsoft}*
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -qq dos2unix libxml2-utils python3-pip moreutils
           sudo update-alternatives --remove-all clang-format || true
-          sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang-format clang-format /usr/bin/clang-format-15 100
-          sudo pip3 install black==22.3.0 pygments
+          sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/clang-format clang-format /usr/bin/clang-format-16 100
+          sudo pip3 install black==24.10.0 pygments
 
       - name: File formatting checks (file_format.sh)
         run: |